We have provided you with Extra and Important Questions from Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Resources and Development. This Extra and Important Questions will help you to score 100% in your Board Exams. These extra questions will be helpful to revise the important topics and concepts.

Resources and Development Class 10 Important Questions with Answers Geography Chapter 1

Extra Questions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 Very Short Answer Type

Question: How can the resources be classified on the basis of origin ? [CBSE 2010]

Answer: Biotic and Abiotic.

Question: What are abiotic resources? [CBSE 2014]

Answer: All those things which are composed of non – living things are called abiotic resources.

Question: A gas reserve has been discovered in an Ocean. The reserve is 19 km from the coast of the nation. Will it be considered an international resource or a national resource.

Answer: All the resources upto 12 nautical miles (19.2 km) from the coast are termed as national resources. So this will be a national resource.

Question: “There is enough for everybody’s need and not for anybody’s greed”. Who said these words?

Answer: Mahatma Gandhi

Question: It is important to use the available land for various purposes with careful planning”. Give reason.

Answer: Because land is an asset of a finite magnitude.

Question: How can the resources be divided on the basis of exhaustibility?

Answer: Renewable and Non-renewable.

Question: Classify the following resources as biotic and abiotic.(i) Metals(ii) Fauna

Answer: (i) Metals – abiotic (ii) Fauna – biotic

Question: Name any two states of India which are well endowed with solar energy.

Answer: Gujarat and Rajasthan.

Question: Name any two factors on which resource development depends.

Answer: (i) Technology(ii) Quality of human resources.

Question: What is total geographical area of India?

Answer: 3.28 million s km.

Question: Mention any two factors which determines the land use pattern of a nation.

Answer: (i) Topography (ii) Population

Question: What is wasteland?

Answer: An unused area of land like rocky, arid and desert areas.

Question: What is net sown area? [CBSE 2014]

Answer: Area sown once a year is known as net sown area.

Question: What is gross sown area?

Answer: This represents the total sown area once/or more than once in a particular year i.e. the area is counted as many as times as there are sowings in a year.

Question: Name any two states which have high percentage of net sown area.

Answer: Punjab and Haryana

Question: Name any two states Which have very low percentage of net sown area.

Answer: Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram

Question: How much degraded land is present in India ?

Answer: 130 million hectares.

Question: Name any two states where over grazing is one of the main reasons for land degradation.

Answer: (i) Madhya Pradesh (ii) Rajasthan

Extra Questions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 Short Answer Type

Question: What is a Resource? Give two examples.

Answer: Everything available in our environment which can be used to satisfy our needs, provided, it is technologically accessible, economically feasible and culturally acceptable can be termed as Resource. Examples, coal, water, air, minerals, etc.

Question: What is the importance of natural resource?

Answer: Resources are important for the development of any country. For example, fossil fuels are essential to generate energy, mineral resources are important for industrial development, etc.

Question: What are renewable resources? Give two examples.

Answer: The resources which can be renewed or reproduced by physical, chemical or mechanical processes are known as renewable or replenishable resources. For example, solar and wind energy, water, forests and wildlife, etc. The renewable resource may further be divided into continuous or flow.

Question: What are non renewable resources? Give two examples.

Answer: These occur over a very long geological time. These resources take millions of years in their formation. Some of the resources like metals are recyclable and some like fossil fuels cannot be recycled and get exhausted with their use. For example, coal, bauxite.

Question: What are individual resources? Give two examples.

Answer: Resources which are owned by private individuals are known as individual resources. Plots, fields, house, car, book, etc. are some examples of individual resources.

Question: What are community owned resources? Give two examples.

Answer: The resources which are accessible to all the members of the community are known as community resources. Village ponds, public parks, playgrounds, etc. are some examples of community resources.

Question: What are national resources? Give two examples.

Answer: All the resources which are under the control of state or union government are known as national resources. All the resources within political boundaries are national resources because the government has the power to acquire even private property. For example, Indian railway, Bhakra dam.

Question: What are potential resources? Give two examples.

Answer: Resources which are found in a region, but have not been utilised due to lack of capital or other reasons. For example, the western parts of India particularly Rajasthan and Gujarat have enormous potential for the development of wind and solar energy, but so far these have not been developed properly.

Question: What are developed resources? Give two examples.

Answer: These are resources which have been surveyed and their quality and quantity have been determined for utilisation. The development of resources depends on technology and level of their feasibility. For example, India has a cumulative total of 2,47,847 million tones of coal resources.

Question: What is stock? Give two examples.

Answer: These are material in the environment which have the potential to satisfy the human needs but could not be used as the human beings do not have the appropriate technology to convert them into usable form. For example, water (H20) is a compound of two inflammable gases i.e., hydrogen and oxygen but human beings do not have the required technology to use them as a source of energy.

Question: What are reserves? Explain with examples.

Answer: Reserves are the subset of the stock, which can be put into use with the help of existing technical ‘know-how’ but their use has not been started. These can be used for meeting future requirements. River water can be used for generating hydroelectric power but presently, it is being utilised only to a limited extent. Thus, the water in the dams, forests etc. is a reserve which can be used in the future. ‘

Question: Explain the relationship between nature, technology and institutions.

Answer: Nature contains resources. These resources are converted into usable form with the help of technology. Human beings interact with nature through technology, and create institutions to accelerate their economic development.

Question: ‘India has enormous diversity in the availability of resources.’ Explain. Or

“India is rich in certain types of resources but deficient in some other resources.” Support your answer with examples. [CBSE Sept. 2012, 2014]

Answer: (i) The states of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh are rich in mineral resources but lack industrialisation.

(ii) Arunachal Pradesh has an abundance of water resources, but lacks in infrastructural development. The state of Rajasthan is very well endowed with solar and wind energy but lacks in water resources. The cold desert area of Ladakh is relatively isolated from the rest of the country due to lack of means of transportation and communication.

(iii) Most of North-Eastern states are rich in natural vegetation but lacks in fertile soil.

Question: How does the soil of the Ganga-Yamuna plain differ from that of central Maharashtra?

Answer: The Ganga-Yamuna plain has alluvial soils, whereas the central Maharashtra has black soils. The alluvial soils are formed by the depositional work of rivers in the river ualleys, flood plains and deltas. The black soils develop from volcanic rocks from where the lava flows.

Question: Which soil is considered ideal for growing cotton? How is the soil formed?

Answer: Black soil. These soils have been formed due to the weathering of the lava spread over large areas during volcanic activity in the Deccan Plateau and different climatic conditions.

Extra Questions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 Long Answer Type

Question: Explain the classification of resources on the basis of exhaustibility. [CBSE 2009 (D), Sept. 2010, 2011]

Answer: (i) Renewable resources: “Renewable resources are the natural resources which can be used again and again or can be reproduced by physical, mechanical and chemical processes.” Solar energy, air, water and soil are some of the renewable resources of energy.

(ii) Non-renewable resources: “Non renewable resources are the natural resources that cannot be replaced at all or within a reasonable time.” Fossil fuels such as oil, gas and coal are examples of non renewable resources. These resources are accumulated over millions of years. They are considered to be non-renewable resources because once they are used up, they are gone forever.

Question: Explain the classification of resources on the basis of ownership. [CBSE 2009 (O), 2014]

Answer: (a) Individual Resources: Resources which are owned by private individuals are known as individual resources. Plots, fields, houses, cars, books, etc., are some examples of individual resources.

(b) Community Owned Resources: The resources which are accessible .to all the members of the community are known as community resources. Village ponds, public parks, playgrounds, etc., are some examples of community resources.

(c) National Resources: All the resources which are under the control of state or union government are known as national resources. All the resources within political boundaries are national resources because the government has the power to acquire even the private properties.

(d) International Resources: These resources are owned and regulated by international institutions. The oceanic resources beyond 200 km of the Exclusive Economic Zone belong to the open ocean, and no individual country can utilise these without the concurrence of international institutions. India has got the right to mine manganese nodules from the bed of the Indian Ocean from that area which lies beyond the Exclusive Economic Zone.

Question: How are alluvial soils formed? How is Bangar different from Khadar? [CBSE 2012]

Answer: Characteristics of the Alluvial soil are :

(i) Alluvial soils are transported soils. Most of the soils are derived from the sediments deposited by rivers as in the Indo-Gangetic plain. Thus, the parent material of these soils is of transported origin.

(ii) These soils consist of varying proportion of sand, silt and clay. In the upper course of the river, the soil is coarse. In the middle course, it is medium, and fine grained in the lower course.

(iii) Apart from the size of their grains or particles, soils are described according to their age as well. They are old alluvium and new alluvium. Locally, the old alluvium is called ‘Bhangar’ and the new alluvium is called ‘Khadar’.

(iv) The old alluvium often contains ‘kankar, nodules, with calcium carbonates in the sub-soil. The new alluvium is more fertile than the old alluvium.

Question: How does red soil develop? What makes it look red and yellow? [CBSE 2014]

Answer: Formation : Most of the red soils have come into existence due to weathering of ancient crystalline igneous rocks. Characteristics/Features :

(i) Soils are loamy in deep depressions and in uplands. They consist of loose gravels and highly coarse materials.

(ii) The colour of these soils is generally red, often grading into brown, chocolate or yellow. The red colour is due to wide diffusion rather than high percentage of iron content. It looks yellow when it occurs in a hydrated form.

(iii) Soils are deficient in phosphoric acid, organic matter and nitrogenous materials but are fairly rich in potash. But crops are cultivated with the use of fertilizers.

Question: What is soil erosion? Explain the major types of soil erosions prevailing in India. [CBSE Sept. 2010]

Answer: “Soil erosion is the removal of soil by the forces of nature like wind and water, more rapidly than the various soil forming processes can replace it.” Generally, there is a balance between the soil forming process and the erosional process. The balance can be disturbed by natural or human factors.

Types of Soil Erosion :

(a) Water Erosion : Water is a powerful agent of soil erosion. Following are the major types of erosion caused by water.

(i) Sheet Erosion : When the top layer of the soil is removed over a large area by the running water, it is called as sheet erosion.

(ii) Rill Erosion : This is the second stage of sheet erosion. If erosion continues unchecked for a sufficient time, (rills) or small finger-shaped grooves which are a few centimetres in depth, may develop on the landscape. Over a period of time, the fine rills increase in number and also become deeper and wider, and resemble the twigs, branches and trunk of a tree. This is called as rill erosion.

(iii) Gully Erosion : This is the third stage of sheet erosion. With further erosion of the soil, the rills may deepen and become enlarged, and are ultimately turned into gullies. The main cause of gully erosion is the removal of vegetation, particularly of trees with their widespread binding roots. Gullies cut up agricultural land and the entire area may be turned into a bad land topography. Gully erosion is also responsible for the formation of ravines.

(b) Wind erosion : Wind is a powerful agent of erosion in arid and semi-arid lands with little rainfall. Wind can lift the valuable top soil from one area and deposits in another area. The wind erosion is very dangerous type of erosion because due to wind most of the deserts of the world are expanding.

Question: Explain the land-use pattern of India.

Answer: (i) The net sown area in India has decreased from 45.26% to 43.41%. This means that more and more agricultural land is being shifted to other activities. This is not a healthy trend, and must be checked. The steps taken by government has resulted in increase of net sown area to 47% in 2005-06.

(ii) The pattern of the net sown area varies greatly from one state to another. It is over 80 per cent of the total area in Punjab and Haryana, and less than 10 per cent in Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Manipur and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

(iii) The area under forests has increased from 18.11% in 1960-61 to 22.57% in 2000-03 and to 23% in 2005-06 yet it is far below than the scientific norms.

(iv) The land under permanent pasture is very low, i.e., only 3.45% (Fallen to 3%). This shows the tremendous pressure of livestock population on agricultural land. Cattle are reared mainly on the farm wastes, grain chaff and a few fodder crops.

(v) Area under fallow land has also decreased which shows, that subsistence agriculture is being replaced by commercial agriculture.

(vi) A part of the land is termed as waste land, and land put to other non-agricultural uses. Waste land includes rocky, arid and desert areas, and land put to other non- agricultural uses includes settlements, roads, railways, industries, etc.